Selection of cutting parameters for end mills in tableware processing

In the processing of tableware, the selection of cutting parameters for end mills needs to be combined with the characteristics of the tool, the material of the workpiece and the processing requirements. The following are the key points and analysis for the selection of parameters:

Cutting speed (Vc) : Cutting speed is closely related to tool durability and processing efficiency. Generally speaking, the cutting speed varies with the material of the cutting tool and the workpiece. For example, when processing aluminum alloys, the cutting speed can be selected to be above 200m/min; When processing materials with high hardness such as stainless steel, the cutting speed should be reduced to 50-100m/min to minimize tool wear.

Feed per tooth (fz) : The size of the feed per tooth directly affects the quality of the machined surface and the tool life. Generally, for materials with lower hardness, a larger feed per tooth can be selected, while for materials with higher hardness, a smaller feed per tooth should be chosen. For example, for materials with a hardness of 300HB, the feed rate per tooth can be selected to be about 0.15mm; For materials with a hardness of 400HB, the feed per tooth should be reduced to approximately 0.1mm.

Axial cutting depth (ap) : The selection of axial cutting depth needs to take into account tool rigidity, workpiece material and machining allowance. During rough machining, a larger cutting depth can be adopted to improve efficiency. During finish machining, the cutting depth should be reduced to ensure machining accuracy and surface quality. Under normal circumstances, the axial cutting depth should not exceed half of the tool diameter.

Radial cutting width (ae) : The selection of radial cutting width should be determined based on the relationship between the milling width and the tool diameter. When the milling width is greater than the tool diameter, the rough machining cutting width can be taken as 75% of the tool diameter, and the finish machining cutting width can be taken as 50%. When the milling width is less than the tool diameter, the cutting width can be taken as 100% of the tool diameter.

Spindle speed (n) : The spindle speed should be calculated and determined based on the cutting speed and tool diameter. High-speed cutting can enhance processing efficiency, but it is necessary to pay attention to the rigidity and heat dissipation conditions of the cutting tool to avoid tool damage caused by excessive rotational speed.

Cooling and lubrication method: Select the appropriate cooling and lubrication method based on the characteristics of the processed material. For example, when processing aluminium alloys, compressed air cooling can be adopted; When processing stainless steel, it is advisable to use extreme pressure cutting fluid to lower the cutting temperature and reduce tool wear.